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48th (South Midland) Division
The 48th (South Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of the Territorial Force raised in 1908. Originally called the South Midland Division, it was redesignated as the 48th (South Midland) Division in 1915. During the Great War, the division saw service on the Western Front before being transferred to the Italian Front in November 1917 and remained there for the rest of the war. Reformed in 1920 in the Territorial Army as the 48th (South Midland) Infantry Division, it saw active service in the Second World War with the British Expeditionary Force in Belgium and France before being evacuated from Dunkirk. It was converted into a training reserve division in late December 1942, remaining in that status for the rest of the war. The division was not reformed again. In both world wars the division raised a 2nd Line reserve division, 61st (2nd South Midland) Division in the Great War, and 61st Division in the Second World War.
==Formation==
As a result of lessons learned from the Second Boer War and diplomatic clashes with the growing German Empire, the United Kingdom—from 1901 onward—sought to reform the military to be able to engage in European affairs if required. The task of reforming the British Army fell to Secretary of State for War, Richard Haldane. The subsequent Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, part of the Haldane Reforms, created the new Territorial Force by merging the existing Yeomanry and Volunteer Force in 1908. The reforms resulted in the creation of 14 Territorial Divisions, including the South Midland Division.
The 1910 edition of the Hazell's Annual reported that in 1909, "The South Midland Division ... had 13 units up to or over establishment, and the others very little below it." The following year, the Territorial Force peaked at a strength of 276,000 men; 26,000 men short of the peacetime establishment set. Between 1910 and 1914, the overall strength of the force dropped to 250,000, 52,000 short of the peacetime establishment. As part of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907, territorials were only liable to serve within the United Kingdom and were not required to serve overseas.
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